The pangolin is often called the world’s most trafficked mammal. These creatures are slow-moving, shy, and generally nocturnal, making them vulnerable to poachers who hunt them for their meat and scales, which are believed by some to have medicinal properties.

Pangolins are unique animals, with a distinctive appearance and a range of fascinating adaptations that have evolved over millions of years. Here are some of their most unusual features:

Scales

Perhaps the most distinctive feature of pangolins is their scales. These are made from keratin, the same material that makes up human hair and nails. Unlike other mammals, pangolins’ scales cover most of their body, providing protection from predators. When threatened, a pangolin will curl up into a tight ball, presenting its scaly exterior to potential attackers.

Despite their hard exterior, pangolins are no match for predators like lions or leopards. Their defensive strategy is primarily aimed at smaller predators like wild dogs or hyenas. In any case, pangolin populations are in decline due to poaching, so conservation measures are critical to protect these fascinating creatures and their unique adaptations.

Diet

Pangolins are primarily insectivores, feeding on ants and termites. Their long, sticky tongues can extend as much as two feet, allowing them to extract prey from deep within insect nests. Pangolins have no teeth, so they rely on powerful jaws and stomach muscles to digest their food. In many cultures, pangolin meat is considered a delicacy, despite the fact that pangolins are now protected by international law, and poaching them is illegal.

Climbing

Pangolins are excellent climbers, using their sharp claws to cling onto tree branches as they move about. They are also excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for up to six minutes. Both of these adaptations help pangolins avoid danger in their natural habitat.

Reproduction

Pangolins have a unique reproductive process. Females give birth to a single offspring once per year, which they carry around on their tails until the baby is strong enough to walk on its own. After that, the mother and child may continue to stay together for a few more months or even years.

The Bottom Line

Pangolins are remarkable animals, with a fascinating set of adaptations that have allowed them to survive and thrive for millions of years. Unfortunately, their unique features have also made them vulnerable to poaching and other threats, and their populations are rapidly declining. It is critical that we take steps to protect these amazing creatures and ensure that they continue to play a vital role in our ecosystems for generations to come.